{"id":4524,"date":"2026-02-13T13:51:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T05:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/?p=4524"},"modified":"2026-02-13T13:51:53","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T05:51:53","slug":"packaging-leak-bubble-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/ka\/packaging-leak-bubble-test\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8: \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 <strong>\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 <strong>ASTM D3078<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 <strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/ka\/lt-03-leak-tester\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Packaging-Leak-Bubble-Test-Ensuring-Packaging-Integrity-with-Bubble-Emission-Tests.webp\" alt=\"\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7.\" class=\"wp-image-4527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Packaging-Leak-Bubble-Test-Ensuring-Packaging-Integrity-with-Bubble-Emission-Tests.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Packaging-Leak-Bubble-Test-Ensuring-Packaging-Integrity-with-Bubble-Emission-Tests-400x400.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Packaging-Leak-Bubble-Test-Ensuring-Packaging-Integrity-with-Bubble-Emission-Tests-280x280.webp 280w, https:\/\/www.leakagetester.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Packaging-Leak-Bubble-Test-Ensuring-Packaging-Integrity-with-Bubble-Emission-Tests-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0, \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc, \u10d7\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ASTM D3078: \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ASTM D3078<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075 \u10d0\u10e2\u10db \u10e1\u10db\u00b3\/\u10ec\u10db (1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u10de\u10d0 \u10db\u00b3\/\u10ec\u10db), \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10d0 <strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10db\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10ed\u10e3\u10ed\u10e7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong>. \u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ed\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 <strong>ASTM D3078<\/strong>, \u10db\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3. \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 <strong>\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong>, <strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong>, \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db <strong>ASTM D3078<\/strong>, \u10db\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d2\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, <strong>Cell Instruments-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, 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